Cardiology guidelines cited in the library
Guidelines, scientific statements, and consensus documents cited in the library, newest first, each linked to the pages that apply it.
Arrhythmia
Kim JH, Baggish AL, Levine BD, et al. Clinical considerations for competitive sports participation for athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. Circulation. 2025;151:e716–e761. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001297
Cited in: Long QT syndrome, VT and sudden death, Mitral regurgitation
Tzeis S, Gerstenfeld EP, Kalman J, et al. 2024 European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Rhythm Society/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2024;26:euae043. doi:10.1093/europace/euae043
Cited in: Atrial fibrillation
Lenarczyk R, Zeppenfeld K, Tfelt-Hansen J, et al. Management of patients with an electrical storm or clustered ventricular arrhythmias: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC. Europace. 2024;26:euae049. doi:10.1093/europace/euae049
Cited in: VT and sudden death
Joglar JA, Kapa S, Saarel EV, et al. 2023 HRS expert consensus statement on the management of arrhythmias during pregnancy. Heart Rhythm. 2023;20:e175–e264. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.05.017
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block, VT and sudden death, Antiarrhythmic drugs
Ferrick AM, Raj SR, Deneke T, et al. 2023 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS expert consensus statement on practical management of the remote device clinic. J Arrhythm. 2023;39:250–302. doi:10.1002/joa3.12851
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block
Guerra PG, Simpson CS, Van Spall HGC, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society 2023 guidelines on the fitness to drive. Can J Cardiol. 2024;40:500–523. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2023.09.033
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block
Zeppenfeld K, Tfelt-Hansen J, de Riva M, et al. 2022 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:3997–4126. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262
Cited in: Long QT syndrome, VT and sudden death, Antiarrhythmic drugs
Wilde AAM, Semsarian C, Márquez MF, et al. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) expert consensus statement on the state of genetic testing for cardiac diseases. Europace. 2022;24:1307–1367. doi:10.1093/europace/euac030
Cited in: Long QT syndrome
Glikson M, Nielsen JC, Kronborg MB, et al. 2021 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:3427–3520. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab364
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block
Andrade JG, Aguilar M, Atzema C, et al. The 2020 Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society comprehensive guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Can J Cardiol. 2020;36:1847–1948. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2020.09.001
Cited in: Atrial fibrillation
Lantos PM, Rumbaugh J, Bockenstedt LK, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, American Academy of Neurology, and American College of Rheumatology: 2020 guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72:e1–e48. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1215
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block
Stiles MK, Wilde AAM, Abrams DJ, et al. 2020 APHRS/HRS expert consensus statement on the investigation of decedents with sudden unexplained death and patients with sudden cardiac arrest, and of their families. Heart Rhythm. 2021;18:e1–e50. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.10.010
Cited in: VT and sudden death
Cronin EM, Bogun FM, Maury P, et al. 2019 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS expert consensus statement on catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm. 2020;17:e2–e154. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.03.002
Cited in: VT and sudden death, Electrical storm
Towbin JA, McKenna WJ, Abrams DJ, et al. 2019 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation, risk stratification, and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm. 2019;16:e301–e372. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.05.007
Cited in: VT and sudden death
Nunes MCP, Beaton A, Acquatella H, et al. Chagas cardiomyopathy: an update of current clinical knowledge and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;138:e169–e209. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000599
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block
Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope. Circulation. 2017;136:e60–e122. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000499
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block
Sharma S, Drezner JA, Baggish A, et al. International recommendations for electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:1057–1075. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.01.015
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block
Indik JH, Gimbel JR, Abe H, et al. 2017 HRS expert consensus statement on magnetic resonance imaging and radiation exposure in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14:e97–e153. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.04.025
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block
Sandau KE, Funk M, Auerbach A, et al. Update to practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;136:e273–e344. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000527
Cited in: Long QT syndrome, Antiarrhythmic drugs
Wilkoff BL, Fauchier L, Stiles MK, et al. 2015 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13:e50–e86. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.11.018
Cited in: VT and sudden death
Birnie DH, Sauer WH, Bogun F, et al. HRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias associated with cardiac sarcoidosis. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11:1305–1323. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.03.043
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block
Priori SG, Wilde AA, Horie M, et al. HRS/EHRA/APHRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10:1932–1963. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.05.014
Cited in: Long QT syndrome, VT and sudden death
Crossley GH, Poole JE, Rozner MA, et al. The Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) expert consensus statement on the perioperative management of patients with implantable defibrillators, pacemakers and arrhythmia monitors: facilities and patient management. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8:1114–1154. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.12.023
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block
Drew BJ, Ackerman MJ, Funk M, et al. Prevention of torsade de pointes in hospital settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation. 2010;121:1047–1060. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192704
Cited in: Long QT syndrome, Antiarrhythmic drugs
Cardiomyopathy
Kittleson MM, Ambardekar AV, Cheng RK, et al. Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis evaluation and management: 2025 ACC concise clinical guidance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026;87:549–565. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.09.004
Cited in: Cardiac amyloidosis
Addis DR, Townsley MM. Perioperative implications of the 2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR guideline for the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2024;38:2510–2512. doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2024.07.039
Cited in: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Kittleson MM, Ruberg FL, Ambardekar AV, et al. 2023 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on comprehensive multidisciplinary care for the patient with cardiac amyloidosis: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;81:1076–1126. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.11.022
Cited in: Cardiac amyloidosis
Arbelo E, Protonotarios A, Gimeno JR, et al. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J. 2023;44:3503–3626. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad194
Cited in: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Nagueh SF, Phelan D, Abraham T, et al. Recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography, in collaboration with the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2022;35:533–569. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2022.03.012
Cited in: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Dorbala S, Ando Y, Bokhari S, et al. ASNC/AHA/ASE/EANM/HFSA/ISA/SCMR/SNMMI expert consensus recommendations for multimodality imaging in cardiac amyloidosis: part 1 of 2—evidence base and standardized methods of imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;14:e000029. doi:10.1161/HCI.0000000000000029
Cited in: Cardiac amyloidosis
Dorbala S, Ando Y, Bokhari S, et al. ASNC/AHA/ASE/EANM/HFSA/ISA/SCMR/SNMMI expert consensus recommendations for multimodality imaging in cardiac amyloidosis: part 2 of 2—diagnostic criteria and appropriate utilization. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;14:e000030. doi:10.1161/HCI.0000000000000030
Cited in: Cardiac amyloidosis
Garcia-Pavia P, Bengel F, Brito D, et al. Expert consensus on the monitoring of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23:895–905. doi:10.1002/ejhf.2198
Cited in: Cardiac amyloidosis
Dorbala S, Ando Y, Bokhari S, et al. Addendum to ASNC/AHA/ASE/EANM/HFSA/ISA/SCMR/SNMMI expert consensus recommendations for multimodality imaging in cardiac amyloidosis: part 1 of 2—evidence base and standardized methods of imaging. J Nucl Cardiol. 2021;28:1769–1774. doi:10.1007/s12350-020-02455-z
Cited in: Cardiac amyloidosis
Congenital heart disease
Gurvitz M, Krieger EV, Fuller S, et al. 2025 ACC/AHA/HRS/ISACHD/SCAI guideline for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2026;153:e115–e251. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001402
Cited in: ASD and PFO, Right heart catheterization
Kavinsky CJ, Szerlip M, Goldsweig AM, et al. SCAI guidelines for the management of patent foramen ovale. J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv. 2022;1:100039. doi:10.1016/j.jscai.2022.100039
Cited in: ASD and PFO
Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, et al. 2021 guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021;52:e364–e467. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000375
Cited in: ASD and PFO
Baumgartner H, De Backer J, Babu-Narayan SV, et al. 2020 ESC guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:563–645. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa554
Cited in: ASD and PFO, Right heart catheterization
Messé SR, Gronseth GS, Kent DM, et al. Practice advisory update summary: patent foramen ovale and secondary stroke prevention: report of the Guideline Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2020;94:876–885. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000009443
Cited in: ASD and PFO
Regitz-Zagrosek V, Roos-Hesselink JW, Bauersachs J, et al. 2018 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:3165–3241. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy340
Cited in: Long QT syndrome, ASD and PFO
Stout KK, Daniels CJ, Aboulhosn JA, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. Circulation. 2019;139:e698–e800. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000603
Cited in: ASD and PFO, Hypertension
Silvestry FE, Cohen MS, Armsby LB, et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale: from the American Society of Echocardiography and Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28:910–958. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2015.05.015
Cited in: ASD and PFO
Smart D, Mitchell S, Wilmshurst P, Turner M, Banham N. Joint position statement on persistent foramen ovale (PFO) and diving. South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society (SPUMS) and the United Kingdom Sports Diving Medical Committee (UKSDMC). Diving Hyperb Med. 2015;45:129–131. PMID 26165538
Cited in: ASD and PFO
Coronary artery disease
Blumenthal RS, Morris PB, Gaudino M, et al. 2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of dyslipidemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026;87:2624–2757. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.11.016
Cited in: Chronic coronary disease
Cury RC, Leipsic J, Abbara S, et al. CAD-RADS 2.0 – 2022 Coronary Artery Disease–Reporting and Data System: an expert consensus document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American College of Radiology (ACR), and the North America Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI). J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2022;16:536–557. doi:10.1016/j.jcct.2022.07.002
Cited in: Chronic coronary disease, Coronary CTA and calcium scoring
Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;144:e368–e454. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001029
Cited in: Chronic coronary disease, NSTE-ACS, Coronary CTA and calcium scoring, Nuclear perfusion imaging
Damluji AA, van Diepen S, Katz JN, et al. Mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;144:e16–e35. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000985
Cited in: STEMI
Tamis-Holland JE, Jneid H, Reynolds HR, et al. Contemporary diagnosis and management of patients with myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139:e891–e908. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000670
Cited in: NSTE-ACS
Hayes SN, Kim ESH, Saw J, et al. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: current state of the science: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;137:e523–e557. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000564
Cited in: NSTE-ACS
Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease. Circulation. 2012;126:e354–e471. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e318277d6a0
Cited in: Chronic coronary disease
Wagner GS, Macfarlane P, Wellens H, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part VI: acute ischemia/infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:1003–1011. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.016
Cited in: STEMI
McCord J, Jneid H, Hollander JE, et al. Management of cocaine-associated chest pain and myocardial infarction: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Acute Cardiac Care Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation. 2008;117:1897–1907. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188950
Cited in: NSTE-ACS, Hypertensive emergency, Beta-blockers
Emergencies and critical care
Prescott HC, Antonelli M, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2026. Crit Care Med. 2026;54:725–812. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000007075 (also Intensive Care Med. 2026;52:863–936; publisher correction Intensive Care Med. 2026;52:1411–1413)
Cited in: Cardiac intensive care, Vasopressors and inotropes
Wigginton JG, Agarwal S, Bartos JA, et al. Part 9: adult advanced life support: 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2025;152(16 suppl 2):S538–S577. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001376
Cited in: VT and sudden death, Cardiac arrest and ACLS
Kleinman ME, Buick JE, Huber N, et al. Part 7: adult basic life support: 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2025;152(16 suppl 2):S448–S478. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001369
Cited in: Cardiac arrest and ACLS
Dezfulian C, Cabañas JG, Buckley JR, et al. Part 4: systems of care: 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2025;152(16 suppl 2):S353–S384. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001378
Cited in: Cardiac arrest and ACLS
Del Rios M, Bartos JA, Panchal AR, et al. Part 1: executive summary: 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2025;152(16 suppl 2):S284–S312. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001372
Cited in: Cardiac arrest and ACLS
Hirsch KG, Amorim E, Coppler PJ, et al. Part 11: post–cardiac arrest care: 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2025;152(16 suppl 2):S673–S718. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001375
Cited in: Cardiac arrest and ACLS, Post-cardiac arrest care
Cao D, Arens AM, Chow SL, et al. Part 10: adult and pediatric special circumstances of resuscitation: 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2025;152(16 suppl 2):S578–S672. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001380
Cited in: Cardiac arrest and ACLS
Elmer J, Atkins DL, Daya MR, et al. Part 3: ethics: 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2025;152(16 suppl 2):S323–S352. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001371
Cited in: Cardiac arrest and ACLS
Drennan IR, Berg KM, Böttiger BW, et al. Advanced life support: 2025 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation consensus on science with treatment recommendations. Circulation. 2025;152(16 suppl 1):S72–S115. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001360
Cited in: Cardiac arrest and ACLS
Soar J, Böttiger BW, Carli P, et al. European Resuscitation Council guidelines 2025: adult advanced life support. Resuscitation. 2025;215(suppl 1):110769. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110769. Erratum in: Resuscitation. 2026;229:111313. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2026.111313
Cited in: Cardiac arrest and ACLS
Lott C, Karageorgos V, Abelairas-Gomez C, et al. European Resuscitation Council guidelines 2025: special circumstances in resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2025;215(suppl 1):110753. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110753
Cited in: Cardiac arrest and ACLS
Lewis K, Balas MC, Stollings JL, et al. A focused update to the clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, anxiety, agitation/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2025;53:e711–e727. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000006574
Cited in: Cardiac intensive care
Sinha SS, Geller BJ, Katz JN, et al. Evolution of critical care cardiology: an update on structure, care delivery, training, and research paradigms: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025;151:e687–e707. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001300
Cited in: Cardiac intensive care
Bohula EA, Landzberg MJ, Menon V, et al. Palliative and end-of-life care during critical cardiovascular illness: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2025;151:e1075–e1090. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001334
Cited in: Cardiac intensive care
Correction to: 2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation and management of high blood pressure in adults (Table 1 and resistant hypertension text). Circulation. 2025;152:e403. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001396
Cited in: Hypertensive emergency
Nolan JP, Sandroni C, Cariou A, et al. European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2025: post-resuscitation care. Resuscitation. 2025;215(suppl 1):110809. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110809 (also published in Intensive Care Med. 2025;51:2213–2288; corrigendum in Resuscitation. 2026;228:111315, doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2026.111315)
Cited in: Post-cardiac arrest care
MacLaren R, Dionne JC, Granholm A, et al. Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society of Health-System Pharmacists guideline for the prevention of stress-related gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill adults. Crit Care Med. 2024;52:e421–e430. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000006330
Cited in: Cardiac intensive care
Honarmand K, Sirimaturos M, Hirshberg EL, et al. Society of Critical Care Medicine guidelines on glycemic control for critically ill children and adults 2024. Crit Care Med. 2024;52:e161–e181. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000006174
Cited in: Cardiac intensive care
Lenarczyk R, Zeppenfeld K, Tfelt-Hansen J, et al. Management of patients with an electrical storm or clustered ventricular arrhythmias: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC, endorsed by the Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, Heart Rhythm Society, and Latin-American Heart Rhythm Society. Europace. 2024;26:euae049. doi:10.1093/europace/euae049
Cited in: Electrical storm
Bress AP, Anderson TS, Flack JM, et al. The management of elevated blood pressure in the acute care setting: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2024;81:e94–e106. doi:10.1161/HYP.0000000000000238
Cited in: Hypertensive emergency
Perman SM, Elmer J, Maciel CB, et al. 2023 American Heart Association focused update on adult advanced cardiovascular life support: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2024;149:e254–e273. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001194
Cited in: Cardiac arrest and ACLS, Post-cardiac arrest care
Carson JL, Stanworth SJ, Guyatt G, et al. Red blood cell transfusion: 2023 AABB international guidelines. JAMA. 2023;330:1892–1902. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.12914
Cited in: Cardiac intensive care
Hoh BL, Ko NU, Amin-Hanjani S, et al. 2023 guideline for the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2023;54:e314–e370. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000436
Cited in: Hypertensive emergency
Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunström M, et al. 2023 ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens. 2023;41:1874–2071. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000003480
Cited in: Hypertensive emergency
Rajajee V, Muehlschlegel S, Wartenberg KE, et al. Guidelines for neuroprognostication in comatose adult survivors of cardiac arrest. Neurocrit Care. 2023;38:533–563. doi:10.1007/s12028-023-01688-3
Cited in: Post-cardiac arrest care
Greer DM, Kirschen MP, Lewis A, et al. Pediatric and adult brain death/death by neurologic criteria consensus guideline. Neurology. 2023;101:1112–1132. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000207740 (erratum in Neurology. 2024;102:e208108)
Cited in: Post-cardiac arrest care
Compher C, Bingham AL, McCall M, et al. Guidelines for the provision of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022;46:12–41. doi:10.1002/jpen.2267 (corrigendum JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022;46:1458–1459)
Cited in: Cardiac intensive care
Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. 2022 guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022;53:e282–e361. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000407
Cited in: Hypertensive emergency, Anticoagulant bleeding and reversal, Hypertension
Nolan JP, Sandroni C, Böttiger BW, et al. European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2021: post-resuscitation care. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47:369–421. doi:10.1007/s00134-021-06368-4
Cited in: Post-cardiac arrest care
Panchal AR, Bartos JA, Cabañas JG, et al. Part 3: adult basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2020;142(16 Suppl 2):S366–S468. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block, Post-cardiac arrest care
Fordyce CB, Katz JN, Alviar CL, et al. Prevention of complications in the cardiac intensive care unit: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;142:e379–e406. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000909
Cited in: Cardiac intensive care
Sawyer KN, Camp-Rogers TR, Kotini-Shah P, et al. Sudden cardiac arrest survivorship: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141:e654–e685. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000747
Cited in: Post-cardiac arrest care
Stiles MK, Fauchier L, Morillo CA, et al. 2019 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS focused update to 2015 expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2020;59:135–144. doi:10.1007/s10840-019-00662-4
Cited in: Electrical storm
Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gélinas C, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018;46:e825–e873. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000003299
Cited in: Cardiac intensive care
Schünemann HJ, Cushman M, Burnett AE, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prophylaxis for hospitalized and nonhospitalized medical patients. Blood Adv. 2018;2:3198–3225. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018022954 (correction Blood Adv. 2023;7:1671)
Cited in: Cardiac intensive care
St-Onge M, Anseeuw K, Cantrell FL, et al. Experts consensus recommendations for the management of calcium channel blocker poisoning in adults. Crit Care Med. 2017;45:e306–e315. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002087
Cited in: Cardiovascular toxicology, Calcium channel blockers
Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315:801–810. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0287
Cited in: Cardiac intensive care
Jeejeebhoy FM, Zelop CM, Lipman S, et al. Cardiac arrest in pregnancy: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;132:1747–1773. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000300
Cited in: Post-cardiac arrest care
Lenders JWM, Duh QY, Eisenhofer G, et al. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:1915–1942. doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1498
Cited in: Hypertensive emergency, Hypertension
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Heart failure
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Cited in: HFpEF and diastolic function, Echocardiography normal values
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McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2023 focused update of the 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2023;44:3627–3639. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad195
Cited in: Acute decompensated heart failure, HFpEF and diastolic function, HFrEF, Add-on HFrEF drugs, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, SGLT2 inhibitors
Joglar JA, Chung MK, Armbruster AL, et al. 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS guideline for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83:109–279. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.08.017
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Mebazaa A, Davison B, Chioncel O, et al. Safety, tolerability and efficacy of up-titration of guideline-directed medical therapies for acute heart failure (STRONG-HF): a multinational, open-label, randomised, trial. Lancet. 2022;400:1938–1952. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02076-1
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Naidu SS, Baran DA, Jentzer JC, et al. SCAI SHOCK stage classification expert consensus update: a review and incorporation of validation studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79:933–946. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.01.018
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Geller BJ, Sinha SS, Kapur NK, et al. Escalating and de-escalating temporary mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;146:e50–e68. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001076
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Mullens W, Damman K, Harjola VP, et al. The use of diuretics in heart failure with congestion: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21:137–155. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1369
Cited in: Acute decompensated heart failure, Diuretics
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Crespo-Leiro MG, Metra M, Lund LH, et al. Advanced heart failure: a position statement of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20:1505–1535. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1236
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Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, et al. 2016 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2129–2200. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128
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Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016;29:277–314. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2016.01.011
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Peterson PN, Rumsfeld JS, Liang L, et al. A validated risk score for in-hospital mortality in patients with heart failure from the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines program. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3:25–32. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.854877
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Hemodynamics
Belkin MN, Fudim M, Baratto C, et al. Standardization of baseline and provocative invasive hemodynamic protocols for the evaluation of heart failure and pulmonary hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circ Heart Fail. 2026;19:e000088. doi:10.1161/HHF.0000000000000088
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Imaging
Weir-McCall JR, Koweek L, Suchá D, et al. Fractional flow reserve in coronary computed tomography angiography: an expert consensus document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT) and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI). Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology (ACC). J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2026;20:316–332. doi:10.1016/j.jcct.2026.05.006
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Duvall WL, Skali H, Aggarwal NR, et al. 2026 American Society of Nuclear Cardiology guideline for stress testing in single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol. 2026:102970. doi:10.1016/j.nuclcard.2026.102970
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Al-Mallah MH, Bateman TM, Branch KR, et al. 2022 ASNC/AAPM/SCCT/SNMMI guideline for the use of CT in hybrid nuclear/CT cardiac imaging. J Nucl Cardiol. 2022;29:3491–3535. doi:10.1007/s12350-022-03089-z
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Davenport MS, Perazella MA, Yee J, et al. Use of intravenous iodinated contrast media in patients with kidney disease: consensus statements from the American College of Radiology and the National Kidney Foundation. Radiology. 2020;294:660–668. doi:10.1148/radiol.2019192094
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Voigt JU, Pedrizzetti G, Lysyansky P, et al. Definitions for a common standard for 2D speckle tracking echocardiography: consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28:183–193. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2014.11.003
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Leipsic J, Abbara S, Achenbach S, et al. SCCT guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of coronary CT angiography: a report of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Guidelines Committee. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2014;8:342–358. doi:10.1016/j.jcct.2014.07.003
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Plana JC, Galderisi M, Barac A, et al. Expert consensus for multimodality imaging evaluation of adult patients during and after cancer therapy: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2014;27:911–939. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2014.07.012
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Hahn RT, Abraham T, Adams MS, et al. Guidelines for performing a comprehensive transesophageal echocardiographic examination: recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013;26:921–964. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2013.07.009
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Pericardial disease
Ehsan M, Ikram J, El Roumi J, et al. Evolving guidelines in pericarditis: aligning practice with pathophysiology. JACC Adv. 2026;5:102509. doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.102509
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Wang TKM, Klein AL, Cremer PC, et al. 2025 concise clinical guidance: an ACC expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of pericarditis: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025;86:2691–2719. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.05.023
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Schulz-Menger J, Collini V, Gröschel J, et al. 2025 ESC guidelines for the management of myocarditis and pericarditis. Eur Heart J. 2025;46:3952–4041. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf192
Cited in: Pericarditis, Constrictive pericarditis, Effusion and tamponade, Colchicine and anti-inflammatory therapy
Klein AL, Wang TKM, Cremer PC, et al. Pericardial diseases: international position statement on new concepts and advances in multimodality cardiac imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024;17:937–988. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2024.04.010
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Seamon MJ, Haut ER, Van Arendonk K, et al. An evidence-based approach to patient selection for emergency department thoracotomy: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;79:159–173. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000000648
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Ristić AD, Imazio M, Adler Y, et al. Triage strategy for urgent management of cardiac tamponade: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:2279–2284. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu217
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Pharmacology
Prabhakaran S, Gonzalez NR, Zachrison KS, et al. 2026 guideline for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2026;57:e316–e436. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000513
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Kittleson MM, Panjrath GS, Bates K, et al. Management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: 2026 ACC expert consensus decision pathway. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026;88:1817–1846. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2026.06.018
Cited in: HFpEF and diastolic function, GLP-1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, SGLT2 inhibitors
Blumenthal RS, Morris PB, Gaudino M, et al. 2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of dyslipidemia: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026;87:2624–2757. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.11.016
Cited in: Coronary CTA and calcium scoring, Nonstatin LDL-lowering therapies, Statins, Cardiovascular risk assessment, Dyslipidemia and LDL lowering
Creager MA, Barnes GD, Giri J, et al. 2026 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ACEP/CHEST/SCAI/SHM/SIR/SVM/SVN guideline for the evaluation and management of acute pulmonary embolism in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2026;153:e977–e1051 (correction: Circulation. 2026;154:e24). doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001415
Cited in: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), Fibrinolytic therapy, Pulmonary embolism
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Suppl 1):S183–S215. doi:10.2337/dc26-S009
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American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Suppl 1):S216–S245. doi:10.2337/dc26-S010
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Oprea AD, Mohamed B, Hepner DL, et al. Perioperative management of patients taking sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) multidisciplinary consensus statement. Br J Anaesth. 2026;136:1776–1799. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2026.02.031
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Rao SV, O'Donoghue ML, Ruel M, et al. 2025 ACC/AHA/ACEP/NAEMSP/SCAI guideline for the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2025;151:e771–e862. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001309
Cited in: Atrial fibrillation, VT and sudden death, NSTE-ACS, STEMI, Cardiac intensive care, Post-cardiac arrest care, Cardiogenic shock, Renin-angiotensin inhibitors, AF with PCI: triple and dual therapy, Beta-blockers, Colchicine and anti-inflammatory therapy, Drug-induced cardiovascular disease, Dual antiplatelet therapy, Fibrinolytic therapy, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Parenteral anticoagulants and HIT, Statins
Jones DW, Ferdinand KC, Taler SJ, et al. 2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2025;152:e114–e218. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001356
Cited in: Chronic coronary disease, Hypertensive emergency, HFpEF and diastolic function, Renin-angiotensin inhibitors, Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Diuretics, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Cardiovascular risk assessment, Hypertension
Merino JL, Tamargo J, Blomström-Lundqvist C, et al. Practical compendium of antiarrhythmic drugs: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Europace. 2025;27:euaf076. doi:10.1093/europace/euaf076
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Kopp SL, Vandermeulen E, McBane RD, et al. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine evidence-based guidelines (fifth edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2025. doi:10.1136/rapm-2024-105766
Cited in: Anticoagulant bleeding and reversal
Mensah GA, Arnold N, Prabhu SD, et al. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: 2025 ACC scientific statement: a report of the American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026;87:1381–1404. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.08.047
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Abdin A, Bauersachs J, Abdelhamid M, et al. Pharmacologic pitfalls in heart failure: a guide to drugs that may cause or exacerbate heart failure. A European Journal of Heart Failure expert consensus document. Eur J Heart Fail. 2025;27:2671–2690. doi:10.1002/ejhf.70087
Cited in: Drug-induced cardiovascular disease
Gilbert O, Gulati M, Gluckman TJ, et al. 2025 concise clinical guidance: an ACC expert consensus statement on medical weight management for optimization of cardiovascular health. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025;86:536–555. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.05.024
Cited in: GLP-1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide
Kittleson MM, Benjamin EJ, Blumer V, et al. 2025 ACC scientific statement on the management of obesity in adults with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025;86:1953–1975. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.05.008
Cited in: GLP-1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide
Adler GK, Stowasser M, Correa RR, et al. Primary aldosteronism: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025;110:2453–2495. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf284
Cited in: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Hypertension
Mach F, Koskinas KC, Roeters van Lennep JE, et al. 2025 focused update of the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2025;46:4359–4378. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf190
Cited in: Nonstatin LDL-lowering therapies, Dyslipidemia and LDL lowering
Van Gelder IC, Rienstra M, Bunting KV, et al. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2024;45:3314–3414. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae176
Cited in: Atrial fibrillation, Antiarrhythmic drugs, AF with PCI: triple and dual therapy, Digoxin, Warfarin
Ommen SR, Ho CY, Asif IM, et al. 2024 AHA/ACC/AMSSM/HRS/PACES/SCMR guideline for the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2024;149:e1239–e1311. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001250 (also published in J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83:2324–2405. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.014)
Cited in: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Antiarrhythmic drugs, Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Vasopressors and inotropes
Vrints C, Andreotti F, Koskinas KC, et al. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2024;45:3415–3537. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae177
Cited in: Chronic coronary disease, Coronary CTA and calcium scoring, Antianginal drugs, AF with PCI: triple and dual therapy, Calcium channel blockers, Colchicine and anti-inflammatory therapy, Dual antiplatelet therapy
Maddox TM, Januzzi JL Jr, Allen LA, et al. 2024 ACC expert consensus decision pathway for treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83:1444–1488. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.024
Cited in: HFrEF, Renin-angiotensin inhibitors, Add-on HFrEF drugs, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, SGLT2 inhibitors
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2024;105(4S):S117–S314. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018
Cited in: Renin-angiotensin inhibitors, Drug interactions and dosing, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, SGLT2 inhibitors
Thompson A, Fleischmann KE, Smilowitz NR, et al. 2024 AHA/ACC/ACS/ASNC/HRS/SCA/SCCT/SCMR/SVM guideline for perioperative cardiovascular management for noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2024;150:e351–e442. Correction in Circulation. 2024;150:e466. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001285
Cited in: Renin-angiotensin inhibitors, Anticoagulant bleeding and reversal, Beta-blockers, Dual antiplatelet therapy, GLP-1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide, SGLT2 inhibitors, Statins
McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, et al. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2024;45:3912–4018. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178
Cited in: Calcium channel blockers, Hypertension
Van Gelder IC, Rienstra M, Bunting KV, et al. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2024;45:3314–3414. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae176
Cited in: Calcium channel blockers
Pereira NL, Cresci S, Angiolillo DJ, et al. CYP2C19 genetic testing for oral P2Y12 inhibitor therapy: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;150:e129–e150. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001257
Cited in: Drug interactions and dosing
Hollenberg SM, Stevenson LW, Ahmad T, et al. 2024 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on clinical assessment, management, and trajectory of patients hospitalized with heart failure focused update: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;84:1241–1267. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2024.06.002
Cited in: SGLT2 inhibitors
Joglar JA, Chung MK, Armbruster AL, et al. 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS guideline for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2024;149:e1–e156. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001193
Cited in: Atrial fibrillation, Cardiac arrest and ACLS, HFpEF and diastolic function, Antiarrhythmic drugs, Anticoagulant bleeding and reversal, AF with PCI: triple and dual therapy, Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Drug interactions and dosing, Digoxin, Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), Dual antiplatelet therapy, Warfarin, Mitral regurgitation
Virani SS, Newby LK, Arnold SV, et al. 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease: a report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2023;148:e9–e119. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001168
Cited in: Chronic coronary disease, Coronary CTA and calcium scoring, Nuclear perfusion imaging, Renin-angiotensin inhibitors, Antianginal drugs, AF with PCI: triple and dual therapy, Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Colchicine and anti-inflammatory therapy, Dual antiplatelet therapy
Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, et al. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44:3720–3826. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191
Cited in: NSTE-ACS, STEMI, Cardiogenic shock, AF with PCI: triple and dual therapy, Beta-blockers, Colchicine and anti-inflammatory therapy, Dual antiplatelet therapy, Fibrinolytic therapy, Parenteral anticoagulants and HIT
Corrections to: 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease. Circulation. 2023;148:e148 and e186. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001183; doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001195
Cited in: Antianginal drugs
Naccarelli GV, Rackley J, Boriani G. New recommendations for rhythm control: what has changed in the 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS and 2024 ESC guidelines for atrial fibrillation, and where does dronedarone fit in? Am Heart J Plus. 2025;60:100645. doi:10.1016/j.ahjo.2025.100645
Cited in: Antiarrhythmic drugs
Lavonas EJ, Akpunonu PD, Arens AM, et al. 2023 American Heart Association focused update on the management of patients with cardiac arrest or life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2023;148:e149–e184. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001161
Cited in: Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers
Andrews P, Anseeuw K, Kotecha D, et al. Diagnosis and practical management of digoxin toxicity: a narrative review and consensus. Eur J Emerg Med. 2023;30:395–401. doi:10.1097/MEJ.0000000000001065
Cited in: Digoxin
Marx N, Federici M, Schütt K, et al. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44:4043–4140. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192
Cited in: GLP-1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide
Cuchel M, Raal FJ, Hegele RA, et al. 2023 update on European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement on homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: new treatments and clinical guidance. Eur Heart J. 2023;44:2277–2291. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad197
Cited in: Nonstatin LDL-lowering therapies
Velleca A, Shullo MA, Dhital K, et al. The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) guidelines for the care of heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2023;42:e1–e141. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2022.10.015
Cited in: Statins
Rossaint R, Afshari A, Bouillon B, et al. The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: sixth edition. Crit Care. 2023;27:80. doi:10.1186/s13054-023-04327-7
Cited in: Vasopressors and inotropes
Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145:e895–e1032. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block, Cardiac amyloidosis, Acute decompensated heart failure, Cardiogenic shock, HFpEF and diastolic function, HFrEF, Right heart catheterization, Echocardiography normal values, Renin-angiotensin inhibitors, Antianginal drugs, Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Drug interactions and dosing, Digoxin, Diuretics, Drug-induced cardiovascular disease, Add-on HFrEF drugs, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, Vasopressors and inotropes, Mitral regurgitation
Humbert M, Kovacs G, Hoeper MM, et al. 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:3618–3731. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac237
Cited in: ASD and PFO, HFpEF and diastolic function, Right heart catheterization, Calcium channel blockers, PAH therapy, Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary embolism
Levine GN, McEvoy JW, Fang JC, et al. Management of patients at risk for and with left ventricular thrombus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;146:e205–e223. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001092
Cited in: STEMI, AF with PCI: triple and dual therapy, Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), Warfarin
Douketis JD, Spyropoulos AC, Murad MH, et al. Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: an American College of Chest Physicians clinical practice guideline. Chest. 2022;162:e207–e243. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2022.07.025
Cited in: Anticoagulant bleeding and reversal, Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), Warfarin
Abraham NS, Barkun AN, Sauer BG, et al. American College of Gastroenterology–Canadian Association of Gastroenterology clinical practice guideline: management of anticoagulants and antiplatelets during acute gastrointestinal bleeding and the periendoscopic period. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117:542–558. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001627
Cited in: Anticoagulant bleeding and reversal
Halvorsen S, Mehilli J, Cassese S, et al. 2022 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:3826–3924. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac270
Cited in: Anticoagulant bleeding and reversal
Lee CR, Luzum JA, Sangkuhl K, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guideline for CYP2C19 genotype and clopidogrel therapy: 2022 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022;112:959–967. doi:10.1002/cpt.2526
Cited in: Drug interactions and dosing
Cooper-DeHoff RM, Niemi M, Ramsey LB, et al. The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guideline for SLCO1B1, ABCG2, and CYP2C9 genotypes and statin-associated musculoskeletal symptoms. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022;111:1007–1021. doi:10.1002/cpt.2557
Cited in: Drug interactions and dosing, Statins
Lloyd-Jones DM, Morris PB, Ballantyne CM, et al. 2022 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on the role of nonstatin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80:1366–1418. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.006
Cited in: Nonstatin LDL-lowering therapies, Statins, Dyslipidemia and LDL lowering
Cheeley MK, Saseen JJ, Agarwala A, et al. NLA scientific statement on statin intolerance: a new definition and key considerations for ASCVD risk reduction in the statin intolerant patient. J Clin Lipidol. 2022;16:361–375. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2022.05.068
Cited in: Nonstatin LDL-lowering therapies, Statins, Dyslipidemia and LDL lowering
McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:3599–3726. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368
Cited in: Cardiac amyloidosis, Acute decompensated heart failure, HFrEF, Renin-angiotensin inhibitors, Digoxin, Diuretics, Add-on HFrEF drugs, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Vasopressors and inotropes
Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI guideline for coronary artery revascularization: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145:e18–e114. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001038
Cited in: Chronic coronary disease, AF with PCI: triple and dual therapy, Parenteral anticoagulants and HIT
Stevens SM, Woller SC, Baumann Kreuziger L, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: second update of the CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2021;160:e545–e608. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2021.07.055
Cited in: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), Parenteral anticoagulants and HIT, Warfarin, Pulmonary embolism
Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47:1181–1247. doi:10.1007/s00134-021-06506-y
Cited in: Vasopressors and inotropes
Tisdale JE, Chung MK, Campbell KB, et al. Drug-induced arrhythmias: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;142:e214–e233. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000905
Cited in: Long QT syndrome, Drug interactions and dosing, Drug-induced cardiovascular disease
FitzGerald JD, Dalbeth N, Mikuls T, et al. 2020 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the management of gout. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020;72:744–760. doi:10.1002/acr.24180
Cited in: Renin-angiotensin inhibitors
Tomaselli GF, Mahaffey KW, Cuker A, et al. 2020 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on management of bleeding in patients on oral anticoagulants: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76:594–622. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.053
Cited in: Anticoagulant bleeding and reversal, Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), Warfarin
Kumbhani DJ, Cannon CP, Beavers CJ, et al. 2020 ACC expert consensus decision pathway for anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77:629–658. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.09.011
Cited in: AF with PCI: triple and dual therapy, Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)
Ortel TL, Neumann I, Ageno W, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Blood Adv. 2020;4:4693–4738. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001830
Cited in: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)
Page RL 2nd, Allen LA, Kloner RA, et al. Medical marijuana, recreational cannabis, and cardiovascular health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;142:e131–e152. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000883
Cited in: Drug-induced cardiovascular disease
Urban P, Mehran R, Colleran R, et al. Defining high bleeding risk in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a consensus document from the Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk. Circulation. 2019;140:240–261. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040167
Cited in: NSTE-ACS, AF with PCI: triple and dual therapy, Dual antiplatelet therapy
Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al. 2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Eur Heart J. 2020;41:543–603. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405
Cited in: Fibrinolytic therapy, Pulmonary embolism
Danne T, Garg S, Peters AL, et al. International consensus on risk management of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 1 diabetes treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors. Diabetes Care. 2019;42:1147–1154. doi:10.2337/dc18-2316
Cited in: SGLT2 inhibitors
Newman CB, Preiss D, Tobert JA, et al. Statin safety and associated adverse events: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019;39:e38–e81. doi:10.1161/ATV.0000000000000073
Cited in: Statins
Tektonidou MG, Andreoli L, Limper M, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78:1296–1304. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215213
Cited in: Warfarin
Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2019;140:e382–e482. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000628
Cited in: Bradycardia and AV block, Cardiac arrest and ACLS, Drug-induced cardiovascular disease, Vasopressors and inotropes
Bartalena L, Bogazzi F, Chiovato L, et al. 2018 European Thyroid Association (ETA) guidelines for the management of amiodarone-associated thyroid dysfunction. Eur Thyroid J. 2018;7:55–66. doi:10.1159/000486957
Cited in: Antiarrhythmic drugs
Witt DM, Nieuwlaat R, Clark NP, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: optimal management of anticoagulation therapy. Blood Adv. 2018;2:3257–3291. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024893
Cited in: Anticoagulant bleeding and reversal, Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), Parenteral anticoagulants and HIT, Warfarin
Cuker A, Arepally GM, Chong BH, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2018;2:3360–3392. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024489
Cited in: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), Parenteral anticoagulants and HIT, Warfarin
Carey RM, Calhoun DA, Bakris GL, et al. Resistant hypertension: detection, evaluation, and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2018;72:e53–e90. doi:10.1161/HYP.0000000000000084
Cited in: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Hypertension
Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73:e285–e350. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003
Cited in: Nonstatin LDL-lowering therapies, Statins, Dyslipidemia and LDL lowering
Horlocker TT, Vandermeuelen E, Kopp SL, et al. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine evidence-based guidelines (fourth edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43:263–309 (erratum: 2018;43:566). doi:10.1097/AAP.0000000000000763
Cited in: Parenteral anticoagulants and HIT
Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2018;138:e272–e391. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000549
Cited in: Long QT syndrome, VT and sudden death, Electrical storm, Post-cardiac arrest care, HFrEF, Antiarrhythmic drugs, Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers
Doherty JU, Gluckman TJ, Hucker WJ, et al. 2017 ACC expert consensus decision pathway for periprocedural management of anticoagulation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology Clinical Expert Consensus Document Task Force. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:871–898. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.024
Cited in: Anticoagulant bleeding and reversal
Johnson JA, Caudle KE, Gong L, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for pharmacogenetics-guided warfarin dosing: 2017 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;102:397–404. doi:10.1002/cpt.668
Cited in: Drug interactions and dosing, Warfarin
Angiolillo DJ, Rollini F, Storey RF, et al. International expert consensus on switching platelet P2Y12 receptor-inhibiting therapies. Circulation. 2017;136:1955–1975. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031164
Cited in: Dual antiplatelet therapy
Yaghi S, Willey JZ, Cucchiara B, et al. Treatment and outcome of hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017;48:e343–e361. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000152
Cited in: Fibrinolytic therapy
Frontera JA, Lewin JJ 3rd, Rabinstein AA, et al. Guideline for reversal of antithrombotics in intracranial hemorrhage: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society and Society of Critical Care Medicine. Neurocrit Care. 2016;24:6–46. doi:10.1007/s12028-015-0222-x
Cited in: Anticoagulant bleeding and reversal
Wiggins BS, Saseen JJ, Page RL 2nd, et al. Recommendations for management of clinically significant drug-drug interactions with statins and select agents used in patients with cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134:e468–e495. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000456
Cited in: Drug interactions and dosing, Statins
Page RL 2nd, O'Bryant CL, Cheng D, et al. Drugs that may cause or exacerbate heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134:e32–e69. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000426
Cited in: Drug interactions and dosing, Drug-induced cardiovascular disease
Bozkurt B, Colvin M, Cook J, et al. Current diagnostic and treatment strategies for specific dilated cardiomyopathies: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134:e579–e646. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000455 (correction: Circulation. 2016;134:e652)
Cited in: Drug-induced cardiovascular disease
Levine GN, Bates ER, Bittl JA, et al. 2016 ACC/AHA guideline focused update on duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2016;134:e123–e155. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000404
Cited in: Dual antiplatelet therapy
Khazanie P, Liang L, Curtis LH, et al. Clinical effectiveness of hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate therapy in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: findings from the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure registry. Circ Heart Fail. 2016;9:e002444. doi:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002444
Cited in: Add-on HFrEF drugs
Page RL, Joglar JA, Caldwell MA, et al. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Circulation. 2016;133:e506–e574. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000311
Cited in: VT and sudden death, Cardiac arrest and ACLS, Antiarrhythmic drugs, Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers
Sheldon RS, Grubb BP 2nd, Olshansky B, et al. 2015 Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of postural tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, and vasovagal syncope. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12:e41–e63. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.03.029
Cited in: Add-on HFrEF drugs
Galiè N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:67–119. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv317
Cited in: PAH therapy
Stroes ES, Thompson PD, Corsini A, et al. Statin-associated muscle symptoms: impact on statin therapy. European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel statement on assessment, aetiology and management. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:1012–1022. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv043
Cited in: Statins
Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;130:e344–e426. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000134
Cited in: NSTE-ACS, Hypertensive emergency, Antianginal drugs, Beta-blockers
Fleisher LA, Fleischmann KE, Auerbach AD, et al. 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 2014;130:e278–e333. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000106
Cited in: Antianginal drugs
Donofrio MT, Moon-Grady AJ, Hornberger LK, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of fetal cardiac disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014;129:2183–2242. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437597.44550.5d (correction: doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000058)
Cited in: Digoxin
Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e139–e228. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.09.017 (correction: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:2713–2714)
Cited in: Drug-induced cardiovascular disease
O’Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:e78–e140. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.019
Cited in: STEMI, Fibrinolytic therapy, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:e147–e239. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019
Cited in: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
Tonelli M, Wanner C; Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Lipid Guideline Development Work Group Members. Lipid management in chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2013 clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160:182–189. doi:10.7326/M13-2453
Cited in: Statins
Garcia DA, Baglin TP, Weitz JI, Samama MM. Parenteral anticoagulants: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 Suppl):e24S–e43S (errata: 2012;141:1369 and 2013;144:721). doi:10.1378/chest.11-2291
Cited in: Parenteral anticoagulants and HIT
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